Custom Titanate (M1xM2y…TiO3) (Custom Composition)

Custom Titanate (M1_xM2_y…TiO₃) (Custom Composition)

Custom Titanate platform is a made-to-order manufacturing capability for doped titanate perovskite powders of general formula M1xM2yTiO3, where M1 and M2 are alkaline-earth (and related) cations such as barium, strontium, calcium, and magnesium. Rather than a single fixed compound, this listing represents our ability to formulate and produce any A-site cation ratio a customer specifies – from barium-rich to strontium-rich to calcium- or magnesium-doped titanates, and everything in between – as a fine, sinterable ceramic powder. Dielectric constant, Curie temperature, temperature coefficient, and piezoelectric response in titanate perovskites are all strong functions of A-site composition, so a custom stoichiometry lets engineers target a specific electrical performance window rather than settling for the nearest off-the-shelf grade. Backed by controlled solid-state or wet-chemical synthesis and rigorous phase-purity verification, this capability serves capacitor, sensor, actuator, and RF dielectric programs that need a titanate formulation tuned precisely to their application. Samples and production quantities are quoted per formulation upon receipt of the target stoichiometry and specification.

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Description

Introduction to Custom Titanate Powder

Custom A-Site Titanate Powders are engineered perovskite ceramics based on BaTiO₃, SrTiO₃, CaTiO₃, and MgTiO₃, with tailored combinations of alkaline-earth cations occupying the A-site of the ABO₃ lattice. Because A-site ionic size directly influences TiO₆ octahedral distortion, phase stability, dielectric response, Curie temperature, and piezoelectric behaviour, controlled substitution provides a practical route to tune properties beyond those of standard titanate compositions. Supplied as fine, phase-pure ceramic powders, custom formulations can be produced with controlled stoichiometry, particle size, surface area, and purity for specific processing requirements. Applications include MLCC dielectrics, tunable RF/microwave components, piezoelectric ceramics, sensors, actuators, and sputtering-target fabrication for advanced thin-film devices.

Question: What does 'custom composition' mean for this product?

Answer: It means Infinita Materials will supply a doped titanate perovskite powder, M1xM2yTiO3, to a customer-specified A-site cation ratio (for example, a particular Ba:Sr ratio, or a Ca- or Mg-doped variant) rather than supplying only a fixed, pre-set stoichiometry. There is no single 'Custom Titanate' compound; each order is formulated to the buyer's target specification.

Question: How do I choose the right M1:M2 ratio for my application?

Answer: Selection is normally driven by a target electrical specification: the Curie temperature and dielectric constant needed at your operating temperature, the loss tangent tolerable at your operating frequency, or the piezoelectric response required for an actuator or sensor. Infinita Materials' technical team can help translate that target performance envelope into a specific composition and dopant strategy.

Question: What purity, particle size, and quantities are available?

Answer: Purity is typically 99%-99.9%, with 99.99% (4N) available for demanding formulations; particle size is customer-specified, commonly D50 0.1-5 um, with sub-100 nm nanopowder and coarser grades available. Because every order is formulated to a specific composition, there are no fixed catalog pack sizes — quantities range from gram-scale samples to multi-kilogram production volumes, quoted per formulation.

Question: How does this platform relate to Infinita's standard Barium Titanate, Strontium Titanate, and Barium Strontium Titanate listings?

Answer: Those are separate catalog entries for specific, well-defined compositions (pure BaTiO3, pure SrTiO3, and a standard BST ratio, respectively). This custom-composition platform sits alongside them for cases where a customer's target falls outside those fixed formulations — a non-standard Ba:Sr ratio, or a Ca- or Mg-doped variant, for instance — and is fulfilled through dedicated formulation and synthesis rather than from standing inventory.

Introduction to Custom Titanate Powder

Property	Value	Significance
Perovskite structure	Cubic ABO3 (Pm-3m) at high symmetry; tetragonal/orthorhombic/rhombohedral at lower symmetry	A-site cation size and mixing ratio determine which phase is stable at a given temperature, directly setting ferroelectric behaviour.
Curie temperature (Tc)	Ranges from below room temperature (Sr-rich, e.g. SrTiO3 has no ferroelectric Tc, remaining paraelectric to cryogenic temperatures) up to ~120-130C (BaTiO3-rich)	Tc is engineered by the M1:M2 ratio to position a compound’s ferroelectric-to-paraelectric transition relative to the device’s operating temperature.
Dielectric constant	Typically several hundred to several thousand near Tc, composition- and frequency-dependent	Custom A-site ratios tune peak permittivity and its temperature stability for capacitor and tunable-dielectric applications.
Molar mass	Varies with composition; scales between end-member values (e.g., ~120 g/mol for MgTiO3 to ~233 g/mol for BaTiO3)	Needed to convert a target atomic M1:M2 ratio into precursor batching quantities during synthesis
Density (theoretical)	Approximately 3.9-6.0 g/cm3, decreasing as lighter A-site cations (Mg, Ca) replace heavier ones (Ba, Sr)	Guides target sintered density and green-body/tape formulation for the specific composition selected.
Particle size (D50)	Customer-specified, 0.1-5 um typical; sub-100 nm and coarser grades available	Finer powders enable lower-temperature sintering and thinner dielectric layers; coarser grades suit pressed or extruded forms.
Purity	99% – 99.9% standard; 99.99% (4N) available	Trace impurities and secondary phases degrade insulation resistance, dielectric loss, and long-term reliability, so purity is matched to the end application.
Ionic radius mismatch (A-site)	Determined by the specific M1/M2 pair selected (e.g., Ba2+ ~1.61A vs Sr2+ ~1.44A vs Ca2+ ~1.34A vs Mg2+ ~0.89A, 12-coordinate)	Larger radius mismatch between M1 and M2 increases lattice distortion, shifting Tc and phase stability, and is the core design variable behind custom compositions.

Property

Value

Significance

Perovskite structure

Cubic ABO3 (Pm-3m) at high symmetry; tetragonal/orthorhombic/rhombohedral at lower symmetry

A-site cation size and mixing ratio determine which phase is stable at a given temperature, directly setting ferroelectric behaviour.

Curie temperature (Tc)

Ranges from below room temperature (Sr-rich, e.g. SrTiO3 has no ferroelectric Tc, remaining paraelectric to cryogenic temperatures) up to ~120-130C (BaTiO3-rich)

Tc is engineered by the M1:M2 ratio to position a compound’s ferroelectric-to-paraelectric transition relative to the device’s operating temperature.

Dielectric constant

Typically several hundred to several thousand near Tc, composition- and frequency-dependent

Custom A-site ratios tune peak permittivity and its temperature stability for capacitor and tunable-dielectric applications.

Molar mass

Varies with composition; scales between end-member values (e.g., ~120 g/mol for MgTiO3 to ~233 g/mol for BaTiO3)

Needed to convert a target atomic M1:M2 ratio into precursor batching quantities during synthesis

Density (theoretical)

Approximately 3.9-6.0 g/cm3, decreasing as lighter A-site cations (Mg, Ca) replace heavier ones (Ba, Sr)

Guides target sintered density and green-body/tape formulation for the specific composition selected.

Particle size (D50)

Customer-specified, 0.1-5 um typical; sub-100 nm and coarser grades available

Finer powders enable lower-temperature sintering and thinner dielectric layers; coarser grades suit pressed or extruded forms.

Purity

99% – 99.9% standard; 99.99% (4N) available

Trace impurities and secondary phases degrade insulation resistance, dielectric loss, and long-term reliability, so purity is matched to the end application.

Ionic radius mismatch (A-site)

Determined by the specific M1/M2 pair selected (e.g., Ba2+ ~1.61A vs Sr2+ ~1.44A vs Ca2+ ~1.34A vs Mg2+ ~0.89A, 12-coordinate)

Larger radius mismatch between M1 and M2 increases lattice distortion, shifting Tc and phase stability, and is the core design variable behind custom compositions.

Grade / Form	Typical Purity	Key Features / Uses
Barium-Rich Formulation (Ba-dominant M1xM2yTiO3)	99% – 99.9%	Highest room-temperature dielectric constant and Curie point among common alkaline-earth titanates; base chemistry for MLCC dielectrics
Strontium-Rich / Ba-Sr Blend Formulation	99% – 99.9%	Depresses Curie temperature toward or below room temperature, giving high tunability and low loss for RF/microwave dielectric use
Calcium-Doped Formulation	99% – 99.9%	Improves temperature stability of permittivity and mechanical/thermal stability of the sintered ceramic; used in Class II capacitor recipes.
Magnesium-Doped Formulation	99% – 99.9%	Suppresses grain growth during sintering and reduces dielectric loss, commonly used as a minor dopant alongside a Ba/Sr host lattice
Nanopowder Grade (any M1xM2y ratio)	99% – 99.9%, up to 99.99% on request	Sub-100 nm particle size lowers sintering temperature and supports thin, dense dielectric layers for miniaturised MLCCs and thin-film devices.

Grade / Form

Typical Purity

Key Features / Uses

Barium-Rich Formulation (Ba-dominant M1xM2yTiO3)

99% – 99.9%

Highest room-temperature dielectric constant and Curie point among common alkaline-earth titanates; base chemistry for MLCC dielectrics

Strontium-Rich / Ba-Sr Blend Formulation

99% – 99.9%

Depresses Curie temperature toward or below room temperature, giving high tunability and low loss for RF/microwave dielectric use

Calcium-Doped Formulation

99% – 99.9%

Improves temperature stability of permittivity and mechanical/thermal stability of the sintered ceramic; used in Class II capacitor recipes.

Magnesium-Doped Formulation

99% – 99.9%

Suppresses grain growth during sintering and reduces dielectric loss, commonly used as a minor dopant alongside a Ba/Sr host lattice

Nanopowder Grade (any M1xM2y ratio)

99% – 99.9%, up to 99.99% on request

Sub-100 nm particle size lowers sintering temperature and supports thin, dense dielectric layers for miniaturised MLCCs and thin-film devices.

Industry	Application	Function
Electronics / Passive Components	Multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs)	Custom Curie-point placement and dopant selection meet specific capacitance-temperature (X7R, X8R, etc.) class requirements.
Power & Energy	High-voltage / high-energy-density capacitor dielectrics	Composition tuned for the dielectric strength, permittivity, and thermal stability a given power-electronics platform needs
Telecommunications / RF	Tunable dielectrics and resonators	Ba: Sr ratio adjusted to position permittivity and loss tangent for a target operating frequency and tuning range
Sensors & Actuators	Piezoelectric and pyroelectric elements	Ca/Mg co-doping refines phase stability and piezoelectric coefficients for a specific actuator or sensor operating range.
Aerospace & Defense	High-reliability dielectric and thin-film components	High-purity, tightly toleranced custom formulations meet stringent qualification and reliability requirements
Research & Materials Development	Phase-diagram and structure-property studies	Provides a controlled, single-source route to precise, non-standard A-site ratios for fundamental ferroelectric research

Industry

Application

Function

Electronics / Passive Components

Multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs)

Custom Curie-point placement and dopant selection meet specific capacitance-temperature (X7R, X8R, etc.) class requirements.

Power & Energy

High-voltage / high-energy-density capacitor dielectrics

Composition tuned for the dielectric strength, permittivity, and thermal stability a given power-electronics platform needs

Telecommunications / RF

Tunable dielectrics and resonators

Ba: Sr ratio adjusted to position permittivity and loss tangent for a target operating frequency and tuning range