Yttrium Ferrite (Y₃Fe₅O₁₂) – Supplier & Manufacturer in USA

Yttrium Ferrite, Y₃Fe₅O₁₂

Yttrium Ferrite sputtering targets from Infinita Materials are composed of yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12), the insulating ferrimagnetic oxide best known by its common name YIG. Prized for having the narrowest ferromagnetic resonance linewidth of any known magnetic material, YIG occupies a unique position at the intersection of microwave electronics, magneto-optics, and spintronics research. Infinita Materials supplies phase-pure, sintered YIG targets engineered for consistent thin-film magnetic and dielectric performance across RF, ion-beam, and pulsed-laser deposition platforms.

Purity (%) :	>99.9
Dimensions :	Dia. 1”, Thick. 0.125” Dia. 2”, Thick. 0.25”

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Introduction to Yttrium Ferrite

Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) is a cubic garnet ferrimagnetic oxide (Ia-3d), with Y³⁺ in eight-fold coordinated sites and Fe³⁺ distributed across octahedral and tetrahedral sites. Its low damping, high optical transparency, and strong magneto-optic response make it valuable for microwave, magnonic, and magneto-optic applications.

Thin-film YIG is typically deposited by RF magnetron sputtering, followed by annealing to achieve high crystallinity and low magnetic damping. Films ranging from tens of nanometers to a few microns are used in microwave filters, oscillators, magnonic devices, spin-wave transport, and Faraday rotators, often on GGG substrates.

FAQs

Question: What purity levels are available for Yttrium Ferrite (YIG) sputtering targets?

Answer: Infinita Materials offers standard 99.9% (3N5) targets for general process development and higher 99.99%-99.999% (4N-5N) grades for research applications where minimizing ferromagnetic resonance linewidth and magnetic damping is critical.

Question: Should Yttrium Ferrite targets be sputtered with RF or DC power?

Answer: RF magnetron sputtering (or ion-beam/pulsed-laser deposition) is required. YIG is a wide-bandgap electrical insulator, so DC sputtering is not viable because the target surface would charge and arc.

Question: What target sizes and geometries are available?

Answer: Standard catalog sizes are 1in diameter x 0.125in thick and 2in diameter x 0.25in thick, with 3in-6in diameter and custom rectangular, rod, and step-target geometries available on request, including indium-bonded assemblies.

Question: What is the typical lead time for standard versus custom orders?

Answer: Standard catalog sizes in stock purity grades typically ship within one to two weeks; custom dimensions, bonded assemblies, or non-standard purity grades generally require four to six weeks depending on order volume.

Question: Why is Infinita's 'Yttrium Ferrite' target Y3Fe5O12 rather than the perovskite compound YFeO3?

Answer: “Yttrium Ferrite” is commonly used in the industry to refer to Yttrium Iron Garnet (Y₃Fe₅O₁₂, YIG), widely used in microwave and magnonic applications. YFeO₃ (yttrium orthoferrite) is a distinct compound and is rarely marketed under this name. Infinita supplies Y₃Fe₅O₁₂ (YIG) following the industry-standard convention.

Introduction to Yttrium Ferrite

Property	Value	Significance
Chemical formula/structure	Y3Fe5O12, cubic garnet, space group Ia-3d, lattice parameter a ~ 12.376 Angstrom	Determines the ferrimagnetic sublattice geometry responsible for YIG’s characteristic low-loss magnetic response
Molar mass	~737.94 g/mol	Used for stoichiometry verification of target powder and deposition-rate calculations
Density	~5.11-5.35 g/cm3 (sintered); ~5.17 g/cm3 theoretical single-crystal	Higher relative density (>95% theoretical) in the target correlates with lower particulate generation and more stable sputter rates
Curie temperature	~560 K (~287 C)	Sets the upper thermal limit for ferrimagnetic ordering; guides post-deposition annealing and device operating range
Saturation magnetisation (4 pi Ms)	~1750 G (~0.175 T) at room temperature	Central figure of merit for microwave and magnonic device design; underlies YIG’s narrow ferromagnetic resonance linewidth
Electrical/dielectric behavior	Wide-bandgap insulator (Eg ~ 2.7-2.9 eV); dielectric constant ~15-16; low microwave loss tangent	Insulating character requires RF (not DC) sputtering and enables low-loss microwave and magnonic circuit elements.
Thermal conductivity	Low; target is susceptible to thermal shock and cracking	Drives the use of indium-bonded backing plates and conservative power ramp-up during magnetron sputtering
Optical behavior	Transparent above ~600 nm; high Verdet constant	Supports use of sputtered films as magneto-optic Faraday rotators and optical isolators

Property

Value

Significance

Chemical formula/structure

Y3Fe5O12, cubic garnet, space group Ia-3d, lattice parameter a ~ 12.376 Angstrom

Determines the ferrimagnetic sublattice geometry responsible for YIG’s characteristic low-loss magnetic response

Molar mass

~737.94 g/mol

Used for stoichiometry verification of target powder and deposition-rate calculations

Density

~5.11-5.35 g/cm3 (sintered); ~5.17 g/cm3 theoretical single-crystal

Higher relative density (>95% theoretical) in the target correlates with lower particulate generation and more stable sputter rates

Curie temperature

~560 K (~287 C)

Sets the upper thermal limit for ferrimagnetic ordering; guides post-deposition annealing and device operating range

Saturation magnetisation (4 pi Ms)

~1750 G (~0.175 T) at room temperature

Central figure of merit for microwave and magnonic device design; underlies YIG’s narrow ferromagnetic resonance linewidth

Electrical/dielectric behavior

Wide-bandgap insulator (Eg ~ 2.7-2.9 eV); dielectric constant ~15-16; low microwave loss tangent

Insulating character requires RF (not DC) sputtering and enables low-loss microwave and magnonic circuit elements.

Thermal conductivity

Low; target is susceptible to thermal shock and cracking

Drives the use of indium-bonded backing plates and conservative power ramp-up during magnetron sputtering

Optical behavior

Transparent above ~600 nm; high Verdet constant

Supports use of sputtered films as magneto-optic Faraday rotators and optical isolators

Grade / Form	Typical Purity	Key Features / Uses
Standard catalogue target (IN-FeY-01)	99.9% (3N5)	1in diameter x 0.125in thick disc; cost-effective for R&D, process development, and prototype film deposition
High-purity grade (IN-FeY-02 and above)	99.99% – 99.999% (4N-5N)	Reduced secondary-phase and trace-metal content for lower magnetic damping in magnonics and spintronics research
Large-format / custom discs	Matches base purity ordered	Up to 6 in diameter (and larger on request); thickness options for production-scale PVD coating lines
Bonded target assembly	Matches base purity ordered	Indium-bonded to a copper backing plate to offset YIG’s low thermal conductivity and brittleness under sustained sputtering power
Custom shapes (rectangular, rod, step target)	Matches base purity ordered	Fabricated to fit specialised magnetron, ion-beam, or RF sputtering tool geometries

Grade / Form

Typical Purity

Key Features / Uses

Standard catalogue target (IN-FeY-01)

99.9% (3N5)

1in diameter x 0.125in thick disc; cost-effective for R&D, process development, and prototype film deposition

High-purity grade (IN-FeY-02 and above)

99.99% – 99.999% (4N-5N)

Reduced secondary-phase and trace-metal content for lower magnetic damping in magnonics and spintronics research

Large-format / custom discs

Matches base purity ordered

Up to 6 in diameter (and larger on request); thickness options for production-scale PVD coating lines

Bonded target assembly

Matches base purity ordered

Indium-bonded to a copper backing plate to offset YIG’s low thermal conductivity and brittleness under sustained sputtering power

Custom shapes (rectangular, rod, step target)

Matches base purity ordered

Fabricated to fit specialised magnetron, ion-beam, or RF sputtering tool geometries

Industry	Application	Function
RF and microwave electronics	YIG-tuned filters, oscillators, and circulators	Thin-film garnet provides a tunable, narrow-linewidth microwave resonance for signal processing components.
Spintronics and magnonics research	Spin-wave waveguides, spin Hall and spin Seebeck devices	Ultra-low magnetic damping allows spin waves to propagate coherently over macroscopic distances
Magneto-optics	Faraday rotator and optical isolator coatings	High Verdet constant and near-infrared transparency enable nonreciprocal light control.
Data storage and memory research	Magnetic insulator layers in spin-orbit-torque and magnon-based memory or logic devices	Insulating ferrimagnetism supports pure spin-current transport without an accompanying charge current.
Magnetic sensing	Magnetic field sensors, current sensors, and magnetometers	Sharp, well-defined resonance response gives high sensitivity to applied magnetic fields
Academic thin-film physics	Epitaxial YIG films grown on gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) substrates	Serves as the benchmark low-damping material for fundamental magnon transport and spintronic device studies

Industry

Application

Function

RF and microwave electronics

YIG-tuned filters, oscillators, and circulators

Thin-film garnet provides a tunable, narrow-linewidth microwave resonance for signal processing components.

Spintronics and magnonics research

Spin-wave waveguides, spin Hall and spin Seebeck devices

Ultra-low magnetic damping allows spin waves to propagate coherently over macroscopic distances

Magneto-optics

Faraday rotator and optical isolator coatings

High Verdet constant and near-infrared transparency enable nonreciprocal light control.