Barium Titanate (BaTiO₃)

Barium Titanate Powder (BaTiO3) is the dielectric ceramic that quietly makes modern electronics possible, supplying the ultra-high permittivity needed to pack enormous capacitance into the multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) found in nearly every circuit board manufactured today. Produced as a fine, phase-pure tetragonal perovskite powder, it is engineered for tight particle size distribution and low impurity content so that manufacturers can reliably cast, laminate, and co-fire ever-thinner dielectric layers. Infinita Materials supplies barium titanate powder across nano to submicron particle grades and standard to ultra-high purity tiers, serving MLCC producers, piezoceramic manufacturers, and PTC thermistor makers alike. As the world’s leading lead-free ferroelectric and piezoelectric ceramic raw material, it also underpins ongoing research into environmentally compliant alternatives to lead zirconate titanate. Each lot is characterised for phase purity, particle size distribution, and specific surface area to ensure consistent sintering and electrical performance batch to batch.

Surface Area (m²/g) :	~20
Particle Size d₅₀ (μm) :	N/A
Purity (%) :	99.95
Crystallite Size (nm) :	~50

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Description

Introduction to Barium Titanate Powder

Barium Titanate (BaTiO₃) is a ferroelectric perovskite oxide (ABO₃) that adopts a tetragonal structure near room temperature, with Ti⁴⁺ displaced from the centre of its TiO₆ octahedron to produce spontaneous polarisation. On cooling, it undergoes successive tetragonal–orthorhombic–rhombohedral transitions, while heating above its Curie temperature (~120–130 °C) restores the centrosymmetric cubic phase. This strong structure–property relationship gives BaTiO₃ high dielectric permittivity, ferroelectricity, piezoelectricity, and useful positive-temperature-coefficient (PTC) behaviour. Supplied as fine, high-purity powder, BaTiO₃ enables controlled doping, particle size, grain growth, and tape casting for thin dielectric layers. It is the principal ceramic dielectric for multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) and is also widely used in PTC thermistors, piezoelectric actuators, sensors, and electro-optic components.

FAQs

Question: What is Barium Titanate (BaTiO3)?

Answer: Barium titanate or barium titanium oxide (BatiO3) is an inorganic material with tremendous ferroelectric, pyroelectric, and piezoelectric characteristics.

Question: What is the structure of BaTiO3?

Answer: BatiO3 is a perovskite with corner-sharing titanium-oxygen octahedra and barium ions in the interstices of the three-dimensional network.

Question: What is the chemical composition of BaTiO3?

Answer: Barium, titanium, and oxygen are constituents of the Barium Titanate in the proportion of 1:1:3.

Question: What is the significance of the photorefractive effect in BaTiO3?

Answer: The photorefractive effect enables BatiO3 to be used in nonlinear optical devices, such as frequency converters and optical modulators, enhancing signal processing capabilities.

Question: What role does BaTiO3 play in optoelectronic devices?

Answer: BaTiO3 exhibits unique electrical and optical characteristics, making it suitable for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes.

Introduction to Barium Titanate Powder

Property	Value	Significance
Chemical Formula	BaTiO3	Defines the 1:1:3 barium-titanium-oxygen perovskite stoichiometry responsible for ferroelectric behaviour
CAS Number	12047-27-7	Unique chemical registry identifier for procurement, safety documentation, and REACH/TSCA compliance
Purity	99.5% – 99.99% (99.95% typical)	Minimises secondary phases and dopant contamination that degrade dielectric performance and breakdown strength
Density	6.02 g/cm3 (tetragonal)	Reference value for calculating theoretical sintered density, green-body porosity, and layer shrinkage
Particle Size (D50)	~50 nm – 2.0 μm, grade-dependent	Governs sinterability, achievable dielectric-layer thickness, and grain-size-dependent permittivity
Crystal Structure	Tetragonal perovskite (room temp.); transitions to cubic above the Curie point	The tetragonal distortion (off-centre Ti4+ displacement) is the structural origin of ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity
Dielectric Constant	~1,500 – 7,000 at room temperature (grain-size/doping dependent); can exceed 10,000 near the Curie point	Core property enabling extreme capacitance density in MLCC dielectric layers
Curie Temperature	~120 – 130°C	Marks the ferroelectric-to-paraelectric phase transition; sets the thermal operating limit and PTC switching point

Property

Value

Significance

Chemical Formula

BaTiO3

Defines the 1:1:3 barium-titanium-oxygen perovskite stoichiometry responsible for ferroelectric behaviour

CAS Number

12047-27-7

Unique chemical registry identifier for procurement, safety documentation, and REACH/TSCA compliance

Purity

99.5% – 99.99% (99.95% typical)

Minimises secondary phases and dopant contamination that degrade dielectric performance and breakdown strength

Density

6.02 g/cm3 (tetragonal)

Reference value for calculating theoretical sintered density, green-body porosity, and layer shrinkage

Particle Size (D50)

~50 nm – 2.0 μm, grade-dependent

Governs sinterability, achievable dielectric-layer thickness, and grain-size-dependent permittivity

Crystal Structure

Tetragonal perovskite (room temp.); transitions to cubic above the Curie point

The tetragonal distortion (off-centre Ti4+ displacement) is the structural origin of ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity

Dielectric Constant

~1,500 – 7,000 at room temperature (grain-size/doping dependent); can exceed 10,000 near the Curie point

Core property enabling extreme capacitance density in MLCC dielectric layers

Curie Temperature

~120 – 130°C

Marks the ferroelectric-to-paraelectric phase transition; sets the thermal operating limit and PTC switching point

Grade / Form	Typical Purity	Key Features / Uses
MLCC-Grade Nanopowder	99.9% – 99.99%, D50 ~50-100 nm	Ultra-fine, high-surface-area powder enabling sub-micron dielectric layers for miniaturised, high-capacitance MLCCs
Standard Ceramic-Grade Powder	99.5% – 99.9%, D50 ~0.3-1.0 μm	General-purpose sintering powder for piezoelectric ceramics, PTC thermistor bodies, and mid-tier capacitors
Submicron Piezoelectric-Grade Powder	99.9%, D50 ~0.1-0.5 μm	Optimised reactivity and packing for lead-free piezoelectric ceramics and actuator research
Doped/Modified BaTiO3 (Ca-, Sr-, Zr-, rare-earth-doped)	99.5%+	Shifted and flattened Curie-temperature response engineered for X7R/X5R-class MLCC dielectric formulations
High-Purity Research Grade	99.99%	Ultra-low trace-metal content for single-crystal growth, sputtering target precursor stock, and fundamental ferroelectric studies

Grade / Form

Typical Purity

Key Features / Uses

MLCC-Grade Nanopowder

99.9% – 99.99%, D50 ~50-100 nm

Ultra-fine, high-surface-area powder enabling sub-micron dielectric layers for miniaturised, high-capacitance MLCCs

Standard Ceramic-Grade Powder

99.5% – 99.9%, D50 ~0.3-1.0 μm

General-purpose sintering powder for piezoelectric ceramics, PTC thermistor bodies, and mid-tier capacitors

Submicron Piezoelectric-Grade Powder

99.9%, D50 ~0.1-0.5 μm

Optimised reactivity and packing for lead-free piezoelectric ceramics and actuator research

Doped/Modified BaTiO3 (Ca-, Sr-, Zr-, rare-earth-doped)

99.5%+

Shifted and flattened Curie-temperature response engineered for X7R/X5R-class MLCC dielectric formulations

High-Purity Research Grade

99.99%

Ultra-low trace-metal content for single-crystal growth, sputtering target precursor stock, and fundamental ferroelectric studies

Industry	Application	Function
Electronics Manufacturing	Multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs)	High-permittivity dielectric layers enable extreme capacitance in miniaturised surface-mount components.
Electronics / Circuit Protection	PTC thermistors	Sharp resistivity rise above the Curie point provides self-regulating overcurrent and overheating protection.
Sensors and Actuators	Piezoelectric transducers and lead-free piezoceramics	Ferroelectric domain switching converts mechanical stress to charge (and vice versa) in microphones, ultrasonic transducers, and actuators
Photonics and Optics	Nonlinear and electro-optic devices	Photorefractive and electro-optic properties support frequency converters, optical modulators, and beam-steering elements
Power Electronics and EVs	High-energy-density capacitor dielectrics	Stable high permittivity supports compact, high-capacitance energy storage in power electronics and EV systems.
Semiconductor and Thin-Film Research	Ferroelectric memory (FeRAM) and sputtering-target precursors	Serves as feedstock powder for thin-film deposition and target fabrication used in ferroelectric memory research

Industry

Application

Function

Electronics Manufacturing

Multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs)

High-permittivity dielectric layers enable extreme capacitance in miniaturised surface-mount components.

Electronics / Circuit Protection

PTC thermistors

Sharp resistivity rise above the Curie point provides self-regulating overcurrent and overheating protection.

Sensors and Actuators

Piezoelectric transducers and lead-free piezoceramics

Ferroelectric domain switching converts mechanical stress to charge (and vice versa) in microphones, ultrasonic transducers, and actuators